Advancing diagnostic approaches in pediatric pulmonology

Abstract

Pediatric pulmonology, as a subspecialty of medicine, has undergone rapid transformation in recent decades with the integration of molecular diagnostics, advanced imaging, and precision medicine principles. Respiratory diseases remain among the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide, yet their diagnosis continues to pose challenges due to the overlapping nature of symptoms, age-related anatomical and physiological differences, and the dynamic nature of respiratory pathogens. Recent progress in diagnostic methodologies has significantly improved the identification, classification, and management of both acute and chronic pediatric pulmonary disorders. This article reviews contemporary advancements in diagnostic approaches within pediatric pulmonology, focusing on molecular techniques, imaging innovations, functional testing, and emerging digital technologies that have enhanced clinical accuracy, individualized treatment, and early disease detection.